EPISTEME SYMPOSIUM ON GROUP AGENCY: REPLIES TO GAUS, CARIANI, SYLVAN, AND BRIGGS

Episteme

well-known hospitals, old spas, and other places of great medical achievements. Society is always demanding that the medical schools produce better doctors. If they have the aim of giving the student an education which enables him to fulfil his duties and responsibilities as a member of the profession and of the community, a good medical historian may contribute remarkably to the realization of...

Nudge, Embarrassment, and Restriction—Replies to Voigt, Tieffenbach, and Saghai

Response to Briggs

association between [chronic PM] air pollution exposure and health [mortality]." In applying these criteria, I have included experimental studies in animals and epi-demiologic studies in humans (6). Rodents exposed to high concentrations of diesel exhaust for life did not show early or increased mortality (6). The available epi-demiologic studies (3-5) showed only weak associations across a nar...

Replies to Sullivan and Lange

The explanatory criterion of relevance. The ordering of (possible and impossible) worlds by their closeness to actuality is determined by weighing the different similarities they have to actuality. The similarities to actuality that can make a world closer include resemblances in matters of particular fact. (A matter of particular fact is a fact about the history of the universe that is not ent...

Replies to Discussion on the Empirical Stance

These three commentaries challenge me to confront some new issues as well as to clarify some main points. I want to thank James Ladyman, Peter Lipton, and Paul Teller especially for leavening their critique with so much constructive exploration of how one might go about meeting those challenges. Before replying directly I want to touch on something that has also come up elsewhere. Several revie...